Health Science – Types of Syndromes and Tuberculosis Treatment

Introduction

Point 1

Stevens-Johnson syndrome is a severe and rare mucous membrane and skin disorder. It is brought about by the reaction of the parts named above to an infection or some types of medications. The symptoms of SJS are similar to flu which then develop into painful rashes and blisters (insert citation). The SJS disorder can be caused by the following medication: carbamazepine, cotrimoxazole, nevirapine, penicillin, allopurinol, ibuprofen, naproxen sodium and acetaminophen. 

Point 2

Reye syndrome is a disorder that mostly affects teenagers and children who are recovering from a viral infection, for example, chicken pox or flu. The disease is characterized by the swelling of the brain and liver. If immediate treatment is not administered, it may lead to permanent brain damage or even death (insert citation). The disorder can be triggered by aspirin which is used to treat the viral infection. The disease can be treated by administering diuretics, anticonvulsants, electrolytes and fluids, and ammonia detoxicants. 

Point 3

Cross sensitivity is the reaction that a person has to a particular drug that makes them react likewise to a related but different drug (Anovadiya, Barvaliya, Patel, & Tripathi, 2011). Drugs that have cross sensitivity with sulfa or penicillin sulfates are dapsone, erythromycin-sulfisoxazole, sulfasalazine, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim.

Point 4

Urine discoloration can be caused by phenazopyridine, rifampin, sulfasalazine, amitriptyline, propofol, indomethacin, chloroquine, nitrofurantoin, metronidazole and medications containing Senna and methocarbamol.

Point 5

1. Levodopa-carbidopa binds to the active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal 5’-phosphate (PLP). The binding is permanent and irreversible, thus affecting the capability of PLP which is necessary for the functionality of over 250 proteins and enzymes (Hinz, Stein, & Cole, 2014).
2. Rifampin is used in the treatment of tuberculosis. An increase in rifampin usage leads to a vitamin B6 deficiency. In a biochemical reaction, the molecules of vitamin B6 and rifampin tend to displace each other.

Point 6

1. Cinchonism also referred to as quinism is the condition caused by excessive ingestion of quinidine, quinine, and other cinchona alkaloids. It is characterized by tinnitus, sweaty skin, confusion, blurred vision, and headaches.
2. Iodism also referred to as iodine poisoning is the chronic and acute intoxication brought about by consumption of iodides. It is characterized by nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, weakness, diarrhea, and conjunctivitis.
3. Salicylism is a condition that is caused by excessive consumption of salicylates or salicylic acid. The condition is also referred to as aspirin poisoning and is characterized by vomiting, ringing in the ears, abdominal pain, increased breathing rate and nausea.
4. Ergotism also referred to as ergotoxicosis is a condition brought about by consuming food having the fungi ergot which leads to poisoning. The condition is characterized by diarrhea, vomiting, headache, and gangrene of the toes and fingers.
5. Serotonin syndrome is the condition that is brought about by excessive nerve cell activity caused by drugs classified as serotonergic. The condition is characterized by diarrhea, increased reflexes, sweating, high body temperature, and agitation and dilated pupils.
6.  Halothane recovery syndrome also known as halothane hepatitis is the side effect brought about by the repeated exposure to halothane as anesthesia, thus leading to severe liver injury. The condition is assumed to be the outcome of converting halothane to trifluoroacetic acid. The condition is characterized by cardiac arrest, respiratory arrest, hepatic necrosis, hyperpyrexia, and nausea.
7.  Cyanide toxicity or poisoning is a rare form of poisoning that occurs mainly in patients who have inhaled smoke resulting from industrial or residential fires. The condition is also noted in patients who have consumed sodium nitroprusside or foods containing cyanide for a prolonged duration of time. The condition is characterized by malaise, body weakness, nausea, abdominal pain, apnea, shortness of breath and vertigo.